Java—an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems (later acquired by Oracle). Java applications are usually translated into special bytecode, so they can run on any Java virtual machine, regardless of computer architecture. Date of official release—May 23, 1995. The advantage of this way of executing programs is the complete independence of the bytecode from the operating system and hardware, which allows you to run Java applications on any device for which there is a corresponding virtual machine. Another important feature of Java technology is a flexible security system, in which the execution of the program is completely controlled by the virtual machine. Any operation that exceeds the program's set permissions (such as attempting unauthorized access to data or connecting to another computer) causes an immediate abort.

ASP.NET (Active Server Pages for .NET)—technology for creating web applications and web services from Microsoft. It is an integral part of the Microsoft .NET platform and an evolution of the older Microsoft ASP technology. At the moment, the latest version of this technology is ASP.NET. ASP.NET retains many similarities to the older ASP technology in appearance, making it relatively easy for developers to migrate to ASP.NET. At the same time, ASP.NET is very different internally from ASP because it is based on the .NET platform and therefore takes advantage of all the new features provided by this platform. After the release of Internet Information Services 4.0 in 1997, Microsoft began to explore the possibility of a new web application model that would satisfy complaints about ASP, especially those related to the separation of design from content, and that would allow writing "clean" code The job of developing such a model was assigned to Mark Anders, IIS team manager, and Scott Guthrie, who joined Microsoft in 1997. Anders and Guthrie developed the initial design within two months, and Guthrie coded the initial prototype during the 1997 Christmas break.

PHP(/pi:.eɪtʃ.pi:/ - Hypertext Preprocessor — "PHP: hypertext preprocessor"; originally Personal Home Page Tools «Tools for creating personal web pages» a general-purpose scripting language heavily used for developing web applications. It is currently supported by the vast majority of hosting providers and is one of the leading languages ​​used to create dynamic websites. The language and its interpreter are being developed by a group of enthusiasts as part of an open source project. The project is distributed under its own license, which is incompatible with the GNU GPL. One of the strengths of PHP 3.0 was the ability to extend the core with additional modules. Subsequently, the interface for writing extensions attracted many third-party developers to PHP, working on their modules, which gave PHP the ability to work with a huge number of databases, protocols, and support a large number of APIs. A large number of developers led to the rapid development of the language and the rapid growth of its popularity. As of this version, the php acronym stands for "PHP: hypertext Preprocessor", instead of the deprecated "Personal Home Page".

Front-end и back-end — terms in software engineering that distinguish according to the principle of separation of concerns between the presentation layer and the data access layer, respectively. Front-end — interaction interface between the user and the main hardware and software (back-end). Front-end and back-end can be distributed between one or more systems. In a software architecture, there can be many layers between the hardware and the end user, each of which can also have a front-end and a back-end. Front end — it is an abstraction that provides a user interface. For example, in software engineering, the Model-View-Controller architecture provides the front-end and back-end between the database, data processing components, and users.

In most cases, the exact definition of the line between verification and validation is not so important, and even more so speculation on the topic of which is which. It is important to shift the focus, for example, the developer reviewing the specification has more focus on the future, i.e. how to implement it. In an interview, the question often asked is "What is the difference between QA and testing?", or its variant "What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?". Interesting but very few can explain the difference.  

So, QC – part QA. In other words, Quality Assurance ensures the correctness and predictability of the process, while Quality Control ensures compliance control. Testing, in turn, ensures the collection of statistical data and their inclusion in documents created as part of the QC-process.